Structural neuroimaging in mood disorders

Abstract 

Brain-imaging studies offer the possibility of advancing our knowledge of the neural correlates of mood regulation, which may ultimately lead to a more biologically meaningful approach to mood disorders. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of mood disorders is increasing steadily and will continue to do so as more sophisticated brain-imaging techniques become available. At present, most studies use magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for excellent grey- and white-matter resolution in cortical and subcortical areas and detection of brain tissue pathology. In spite of the diversity of experimental designs, the functional neuroanatomy of mood disorders is beginning to emerge. The majority of studies do not support the idea of generalized brain volume changes in mood disorders; rather, they suggest a more regional distribution.

Keywords:  mood disorders , amygdala–hippocampus complex , basal ganglia , bipolar disorder , grey matter , magnetic resonance imaging , MRI , prefrontal cortex , structural neuroimaging , thalamus , unipolar depression , white matter

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